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Squatina squatina
''Squatina squatina'', the angelshark or monkfish, is a species of shark in the family Squatinidae (known generally also as angel sharks), once widespread in the coastal waters of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Well-adapted for camouflaging itself on the sea floor, the angelshark has a flattened form with enlarged pectoral and pelvic fins, giving it a superficial resemblance to a ray. This species can be identified by its broad and stout body, conical barbels, thornless back (in larger individuals), and grayish or brownish dorsal coloration with a pattern of numerous small light and dark markings (that is more vivid in juveniles). It measures up to long.
Like other members of its family, the angelshark is a nocturnal ambush predator that buries itself in sediment and waits for passing prey, mostly benthic bony fishes but also skates and invertebrates. An aplacental viviparous species, females bear litters of 7–25 pups every other year. The angelshark normally poses little danger to humans, though if provoked it is quick to bite. Caught for food since at least Ancient Greece, this shark was often sold on European markets under the name "monkfish". Since the mid-20th century, intense commercial fishing across the angelshark's range have decimated its population via bycatch – it is now locally extinct or nearly so across most of its northern range, and the prospects of the remaining fragmented subpopulations are made more precarious by its slow rate of reproduction. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as Critically Endangered.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The angelshark was originally described by the Swedish natural historian Carl Linnaeus, known as the "father of taxonomy", in the 1758 tenth edition of ''Systema Naturae'' as ''Squalus squatina''. He did not designate a type specimen. The word ''squatina'' is the angelshark's name in Latin, derived from the word for skate; it was made the genus name for all angel sharks by the French zoologist André Duméril in 1806. Other common names used for this species include angel, angel fiddle fish, angel puffy fish, angel ray, angelfish, escat jueu, fiddle fish, monk, and monkfish. Stelbrink and colleagues (2010) conducted a phylogenetic study based on mitochondrial DNA, and found that the sister species of the angelshark is the sawback angelshark (''S. aculeata''). The two species formed a clade with a number of Asian angelshark species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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